This function returns true incorrectly sometimes (at least when internal encoding is UTF-8 and encoding being checked for is Windows-1251, and PHP version 4.4.4 on FreeBSD 6.2 STABLE). This bug was not answered in bug reporting yet, so here is a workaround:
Instead of checking for this:
<?php
mb_check_encoding($var, $destination_encoding)
?>
check for this:
<?php
mb_check_encoding($var, $destination_encoding) && mb_substr_count($var, '?', $source_encoding) == mb_substr_count(mb_convert_encoding($var, $destination_encoding, $source_encoding), '?', $destination_encoding)
?>
The idea is to count question mark characters ('?') in original value and converted value, because mb_convert_encoding function uses question marks to substitute characters that are not valid in destination encoding.